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The Uyuk culture refers to the Saka culture of the Turan-Uyuk depression around the Uyuk river, in modern-day Tuva Republic.
These Saka cultures would ultimately be replaced by the Xiongnu Empire and later the Kokel Culture.
Nearby Saka cultures were the Tagar Culture of the Minusinsk Basin, and the Pazyryk Culture in the Altai Mountains. To the east was the Slab-grave culture.
The culture of Tuva in the Scythian era is presented in Hall 30 of the State Hermitage Museum. It stopped to exist in the 2nd century BCE as a result of Xiongnu invasions.
(2025). 9781402026553, Springer Netherlands. ISBN 9781402026553
File:Arzhan animal ring.jpg|Curled-up feline animal from Arzhan-1, circa 800 BCE. (2025). 9781402026553, Kluwer Academic. ISBN 9781402026553
File:Arzhan deer.jpg|"Animal style" deer of the Arzhan culture, (7-6th century BC) Tuva.
File:6. Pectorale burial mound Arzhan (VIII. - VII. B. C.) Tuva.JPG|Pectoral plate, from burial mound Arzhan (7-6th century BC) Tuva.
File:8. Akinak (dagger) bural mound Arzhan (VIII.-VII. B.C.) Tuva.JPG|Akinak (dagger) burial mound Arzhan culture (7-6th century BC), Tuva.
File:Arzhaan-2 gold bracelet.jpg|Arzhan-2 gold bracelet, Tuva National Museum.
The Xiongnu derived an important part of their ancestry from the Chandman culture combined with Eastern Asian Ulaanzuukh/Slab Grave ancestry. See Fig. 4, A and B. A study of the relationship between ethnicity and social status in the Xiongnu Empire suggested that the ancestry of high status individuals among the Xiongnu essentially derived from the Eastern Eurasian Slab Grave culture, while retainers of comparatively lower status had high genetic heterogeneity, representing influxes from the many parts of the Xiongnu Empire, and included a large proportion of Chandman-related individuals.
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